GHK-Cu copper peptide lyophilized powder vial - 99% purity lab-tested for research
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GHK-Cu

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A copper‑binding tripeptide (glycyl‑L‑histidyl‑L‑lysine) notable in dermatologic and wound‑care research.

Key Research Properties:

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Lyophilized powder form
Manufactured in USA
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$36.00
SKU: ghk-cu
Purity: >99% (HPLC Verified)
Form: Lyophilized Powder
Storage: Store at -20°C
CAS Number: 89030-95-5

What is GHK-Cu?

GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Copper) is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide that has gained significant attention in dermatological and regenerative research. This small peptide, consisting of only three amino acids, demonstrates remarkable tissue remodeling and anti-aging properties[1].

Originally discovered in human plasma in 1973 by Dr. Loren Pickart, GHK-Cu was found to decline with age, with plasma levels dropping from approximately 200 ng/mL at age 20 to 80 ng/mL by age 60[23]. This correlation between declining GHK-Cu levels and aging processes sparked decades of research into its regenerative potential.

GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide Complex)

  • Tripeptide sequence: Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine
  • Forms stable complex with Cu²⁺ (copper ions)
  • Naturally present in human plasma, saliva, and urine[23]
  • Stimulates collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis[20]
  • Modulates tissue remodeling gene expression[1]
  • Promotes angiogenesis and nerve outgrowth[34]

Key Research Properties

GHK-Cu demonstrates unique characteristics that make it particularly valuable in regenerative research[10]:

  1. Pleiotropic Activity: Unlike many peptides with specific targets, GHK-Cu influences multiple biological pathways simultaneously, affecting over 4,000 genes related to tissue repair and regeneration[1].
  2. Bioavailability: The copper-peptide complex is highly stable and readily absorbed through skin and injectable routes, making it suitable for both topical and systemic applications[26].
  3. Safety Profile: As a naturally occurring peptide with presence in human tissues, GHK-Cu demonstrates excellent tolerability with minimal adverse effects reported in research[2].
  4. Dual Function: Acts both as a copper delivery system and as a direct signaling molecule, providing multiple mechanisms of action[10].

Molecular & Chemical Information

Chemical Structure

GHK-Cu Chemical Structure - Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Copper Complex

GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Copper) Tripeptide Structure

Property GHK-Cu
Molecular Formula C₁₄H₂₂CuN₆O₄
Molecular Weight 402.93 g/mol (including copper)
Peptide Sequence Gly-His-Lys
CAS Number 89030-95-5
Copper Binding Affinity High (Kd ~ 10⁻¹⁶ M)
Sequence Type Tripeptide
Binding Stoichiometry 2:1 (GHK:Cu²⁺)

Historical Context

The discovery of GHK-Cu represents a significant milestone in peptide research. Dr. Loren Pickart's initial observation in the 1970s that human plasma's ability to stimulate cellular regeneration decreased with age led to the identification of this remarkable tripeptide[23].

Early research in the 1980s demonstrated GHK-Cu's wound healing properties, leading to its incorporation into various cosmetic formulations[33]. Subsequent decades of research have revealed its far more extensive effects on gene expression, with over 30% of human genes showing responsiveness to GHK-Cu treatment in genomic studies[1].

Today, GHK-Cu continues to be extensively studied for applications ranging from skin rejuvenation to systemic anti-aging therapies, representing one of the most well-researched cosmeceutical peptides in dermatology[13].

Research Note: GHK-Cu research spans over 50 years with hundreds of published studies. Its transition from a plasma component to a widely studied regenerative peptide exemplifies the potential of endogenous peptides in therapeutic applications.

How GHK-Cu Works

GHK-Cu operates through multiple interconnected mechanisms, making it one of the most versatile regenerative peptides studied. Its effects span from direct cellular signaling to epigenetic gene regulation, creating comprehensive tissue remodeling effects[10].

Copper Delivery Mechanism

One of GHK-Cu's primary functions is serving as a copper delivery system to cells. Copper is an essential cofactor for numerous enzymes involved in tissue synthesis and repair[23]:

  • Lysyl Oxidase Activation: GHK-Cu delivers copper to lysyl oxidase, the enzyme responsible for cross-linking collagen and elastin fibers. This crosslinking provides structural integrity to connective tissues[20].
  • Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Support: Copper is a critical component of Cu/Zn-SOD, a major antioxidant enzyme that neutralizes harmful free radicals in cells[2].
  • Cytochrome C Oxidase Function: By providing copper to this mitochondrial enzyme, GHK-Cu supports cellular energy production and metabolism[23].

Gene Expression Modulation

Perhaps GHK-Cu's most remarkable property is its ability to modulate gene expression on a massive scale. Genomic studies have revealed that GHK-Cu influences thousands of genes[1]:

Genes Upregulated (Activated)

  • Collagen synthesis genes (COL1A1, COL3A1)
  • Growth factor genes (VEGF, IGF-1)
  • Antioxidant enzyme genes (SOD1, GPX1)
  • Tissue remodeling genes (MMP-2, TIMP-1)
  • Stem cell mobilization genes

Genes Downregulated (Suppressed)

  • Inflammatory cytokine genes (TNF-α, IL-6)
  • Pro-fibrotic TGF-β pathways
  • Matrix metalloproteinases (excess degradation)
  • Oxidative stress response genes
  • Apoptosis pathway genes

Cellular & Tissue Effects

1. Collagen and Elastin Synthesis

GHK-Cu significantly stimulates fibroblast activity, increasing production of both Type I and Type III collagen. Research shows increases of 70-80% in collagen synthesis following GHK-Cu treatment[20]. This effect occurs through:

  • Direct activation of collagen gene promoters
  • Increased fibroblast proliferation
  • Enhanced procollagen processing
  • Improved collagen fiber organization through copper-dependent enzymes

2. Angiogenesis Promotion

GHK-Cu promotes new blood vessel formation through multiple pathways[34]:

  • VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) upregulation
  • Endothelial cell migration and proliferation
  • Tube formation in vascular networks
  • Stabilization of new vessels through pericyte recruitment

3. Anti-Inflammatory Action

GHK-Cu demonstrates potent anti-inflammatory properties by modulating the inflammatory cascade[5]:

  • Suppresses TNF-α and IL-6 production
  • Reduces oxidative stress through antioxidant enzyme activation
  • Modulates immune cell behavior
  • Prevents excessive inflammatory tissue damage

4. Stem Cell Activation

Recent research reveals GHK-Cu's ability to influence stem cell behavior[13]:

  • Mobilizes stem cells to injury sites
  • Enhances stem cell differentiation into tissue-specific cells
  • Protects stem cells from oxidative damage
  • Maintains stem cell potency and proliferative capacity

Receptor Interactions

While GHK-Cu's exact cellular receptors remain under investigation, research suggests it interacts with several cellular systems[10]:

  • Integrin Receptors: GHK-Cu may bind to integrin receptors on cell surfaces, triggering intracellular signaling cascades that affect gene expression
  • Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Modulation: Influences TGF-β signaling, critical for tissue remodeling
  • Metalloproteinase Regulation: Affects the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs)
Key Insight: GHK-Cu's pleiotropic effects - influencing thousands of genes across multiple pathways - make it fundamentally different from single-target peptides. This multi-faceted approach mirrors the body's natural wound healing and regeneration processes.

Research Applications

GHK-Cu has been extensively studied across numerous research areas, from dermatology to systemic anti-aging applications. Its versatile mechanisms make it valuable for investigating multiple aspects of tissue regeneration and aging[1].

1. Skin Aging & Rejuvenation Research

The most extensively studied application of GHK-Cu involves dermatological research, where it has demonstrated remarkable effects on aged and damaged skin[12].

Photoaging Studies

Research on UV-damaged skin has shown that GHK-Cu:

  • Increases skin thickness by 20-30% through collagen synthesis[20]
  • Improves skin firmness and elasticity measurements by approximately 18%[27]
  • Reduces fine lines and wrinkle depth by 27-47% in clinical studies[12]
  • Enhances skin clarity and reduces hyperpigmentation
  • Accelerates removal of damaged collagen and replacement with healthy tissue

Anti-Aging Mechanisms in Skin

Studies have identified multiple pathways through which GHK-Cu reverses skin aging markers[1]:

  • Dermal-Epidermal Junction Enhancement: Strengthens the connection between skin layers, reducing sagging
  • Glycosaminoglycan Production: Increases hyaluronic acid and other moisture-retaining molecules
  • Keratinocyte Function: Improves the function of surface skin cells, enhancing barrier function
  • Melanocyte Regulation: Helps normalize pigmentation patterns
Clinical Research Example

A 12-week double-blind study of facial cream containing 2% GHK-Cu showed significant improvements: 70% of subjects demonstrated improved skin appearance, with objective measurements showing increased skin density, reduced wrinkle depth, and improved elasticity[12].

2. Wound Healing Research

GHK-Cu's wound healing properties represent some of the earliest discovered and most consistent effects[20].

Acute Wound Studies

Research demonstrates that GHK-Cu accelerates healing of acute wounds through:

  • Faster wound contraction (30-50% reduction in healing time)[14]
  • Enhanced granulation tissue formation
  • Improved re-epithelialization across wound surfaces
  • Better organized collagen deposition, reducing scar formation
  • Decreased infection rates through immune system modulation

Chronic Wound Applications

Studies on difficult-to-heal wounds show promise[14]:

  • Diabetic ulcer models show improved healing rates
  • Pressure ulcers demonstrate faster closure
  • Venous stasis ulcers show improved tissue quality
  • Radiation-damaged tissue exhibits enhanced repair capacity

3. Hair Growth Research

Emerging research suggests GHK-Cu may influence hair follicle biology and hair growth[25].

  • Follicle Enlargement: Studies show increased hair follicle size by 30%
  • Anagen Phase Extension: Prolongs the active growth phase of hair cycles
  • Perifollicular Vascularization: Improves blood supply to hair follicles
  • 5α-Reductase Inhibition: May reduce DHT-mediated follicle miniaturization
  • Stem Cell Activation: Stimulates follicular stem cells in the bulge region

4. Bone & Tissue Regeneration

Research extends beyond skin to investigate GHK-Cu's effects on deeper tissue structures[7].

Bone Healing Studies

  • Enhances osteoblast (bone-forming cell) activity
  • Improves bone mineral density in research models
  • Accelerates fracture healing timelines
  • Promotes proper callus formation and remodeling

Cartilage and Connective Tissue

  • Stimulates proteoglycan synthesis in cartilage
  • Enhances tendon and ligament strength
  • Improves extracellular matrix organization
  • Modulates inflammation in joint tissues

5. Neurological Research

Preliminary research explores GHK-Cu's potential neuroprotective and neuro-regenerative properties[2].

  • Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Modulation: May enhance NGF expression and signaling
  • Neurite Outgrowth: Studies show increased neurite extension in cultured neurons
  • Neuroprotection: Protects neurons from oxidative stress and inflammation
  • Blood-Brain Barrier: Research investigating potential crossing mechanisms
  • Cognitive Function: Early studies suggest possible cognitive enhancement effects

6. Anti-Aging & Longevity Research

Recent genomic studies have sparked interest in GHK-Cu's potential systemic anti-aging effects[1].

Gene Expression Restoration

Research shows GHK-Cu can partially reverse age-related gene expression changes:

  • Resets approximately 70% of genes to more youthful expression patterns
  • Activates DNA repair mechanisms
  • Enhances cellular cleanup (autophagy) processes
  • Improves mitochondrial function
  • Reduces cellular senescence markers

Systemic Effects

Animal studies suggest broader anti-aging potential[13]:

  • Improved organ function in aged subjects
  • Enhanced immune system responsiveness
  • Better maintenance of muscle mass
  • Improved metabolic parameters
  • Extended healthspan markers in research models
Research Status: While GHK-Cu shows remarkable promise across multiple research areas, most studies have been conducted in vitro (cell cultures) or in animal models. Human clinical trials, particularly for systemic anti-aging applications, remain limited. All applications should be considered investigational for research purposes only.

Research Dosing Protocols

Important Notice: This product is sold strictly for laboratory research purposes. The following information is provided for researchers and should not be interpreted as medical advice or recommendations for human use. All research must comply with institutional guidelines and applicable regulations.

Topical Research Applications

Topical GHK-Cu research typically employs the following protocols[26]:

Concentration Ranges

Application Type Typical Concentration Research Use
Facial formulations 0.05% - 2% Skin aging research
Wound care preparations 1% - 3% Healing studies
Scalp applications 0.5% - 2% Hair growth research
Body formulations 0.1% - 1% General skin research

Application Frequency

  • Daily application: Once or twice daily in most research protocols
  • Application timing: Often applied to clean, dry skin/tissue
  • Duration: Research studies typically run 8-12 weeks for skin applications
  • Amount: Sufficient to cover treatment area (typically 1-2 mg/cm²)

Injectable Research Protocols

For subcutaneous or intradermal research applications[11]:

Dosing Ranges

Research Application Typical Dose Range Frequency
Localized skin research 50-100 mcg per injection site 2-3 times per week
Wound healing studies 100-200 mcg around wound Daily to every other day
Subcutaneous protocols 200-500 mcg total dose 2-3 times weekly
Research duration Typically 4-12 weeks

Reconstitution Instructions

GHK-Cu typically arrives as lyophilized powder requiring reconstitution:

Standard Reconstitution Protocol

  1. Materials Needed:
    • Bacteriostatic water or sterile water for injection
    • Alcohol swabs
    • Sterile syringes (insulin syringes for precise measurement)
    • Sterile vials if transferring
  2. Reconstitution Steps:
    • Allow vial to reach room temperature (15-20 minutes)
    • Clean vial stopper with alcohol swab
    • Draw appropriate volume of bacteriostatic water (typically 1-2 mL per 50mg)
    • Inject water slowly down the side of vial to minimize foaming
    • Gently swirl (do not shake) until powder fully dissolves
    • Solution should be clear to slightly blue-tinted
  3. Concentration Calculation:
    • Example: 50mg powder + 2mL water = 25mg/mL (2.5% solution)
    • Example: 50mg powder + 5mL water = 10mg/mL (1% solution)

Storage & Stability

Lyophilized Powder

  • Temperature: Store at -20°C (freezer)
  • Light exposure: Protect from light (store in original vial or amber vial)
  • Stability: Typically stable for 2-3 years when stored properly
  • Handling: Minimize freeze-thaw cycles

Reconstituted Solution

  • Refrigeration: Store at 2-8°C (refrigerator)
  • Stability: Use within 30 days when reconstituted with bacteriostatic water
  • Sterility: Use aseptic technique for all withdrawals
  • Oxidation: GHK-Cu can oxidize; slight color change normal but discard if dark blue/green
  • pH considerations: Optimal stability at pH 7.0-7.4

Formulation Considerations for Topical Research

When formulating topical research preparations[4]:

  • Vehicle Selection: Cream or gel bases work well; avoid highly acidic formulations
  • pH Optimization: Maintain pH 6.0-7.5 for stability
  • Penetration Enhancers: May include propylene glycol, ethanol, or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
  • Antioxidants: Consider adding vitamin E or ascorbic acid to prevent oxidation
  • Preservatives: Use appropriate preservative system if aqueous base

Research Duration Guidelines

Research Application Typical Study Duration Expected Timeline for Effects
Skin aging research 12-24 weeks Visible changes: 4-8 weeks
Wound healing 2-6 weeks Accelerated closure: 1-2 weeks
Hair growth studies 12-24 weeks Initial changes: 8-12 weeks
Collagen synthesis 8-12 weeks Measurable increases: 4-6 weeks
Research Note: Optimal dosing varies significantly based on research objectives, application method, and subject characteristics. Researchers should consult published literature relevant to their specific research protocol and adjust accordingly. Always start with lower concentrations/doses and titrate based on response.

Quality Control

When conducting research with GHK-Cu, consider these quality factors:

  • Purity Verification: Certificate of Analysis should confirm >99% purity
  • Copper Content: Verify appropriate copper complexation
  • Sterility: Ensure sterile handling for injectable research
  • Appearance: Powder should be white to off-white; solution clear to pale blue
  • Solubility: Should dissolve completely in aqueous solutions
For Research Use Only.
All products are sold strictly for laboratory and research purposes. Products are not intended for human use or consumption of any kind.

The statements presented on this website have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The products of this company are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any medical condition or disease.

Safety & Side Effects

Important Safety Information

FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. This product is not approved for human consumption or medical use.

GHK-Cu is intended solely for in-vitro laboratory research by qualified professionals. Any other use is strictly prohibited.

Research Safety Profile

Based on available preclinical research data, GHK-Cu demonstrates a generally favorable safety profile in laboratory settings[1]. However, researchers should be aware of the following considerations:

Observed Effects in Research Models

Topical Application Research
  • Skin irritation: Rare in research models; usually associated with high concentrations (>1%)[3]
  • Contact sensitivity: Minimal sensitization potential observed in animal studies
  • Systemic absorption: Limited penetration through intact skin barriers
  • Local reactions: Mild erythema possible at application sites
Injectable Administration Research
  • Injection site reactions: Mild discomfort, bruising, or swelling at injection sites in animal models
  • Systemic effects: No significant adverse effects at research doses in preclinical studies[2]
  • Copper-related effects: Theoretical concern with very high doses; not observed at typical research concentrations

Contraindications & Precautions in Research

Researchers should consider these factors when designing studies:

Research Precautions
  • Copper metabolism disorders: Avoid in research models with Wilson's disease or hemochromatosis
  • Pregnancy/lactation research: Safety not established in pregnant/nursing animal models
  • Copper allergies: Theoretical contraindication in subjects with documented copper hypersensitivity
  • Wound infection: Do not apply to infected wounds in research models
  • Cancer research: Due to angiogenic properties, exercise caution in oncology research[34]

Drug Interactions (Research Context)

Potential interactions observed in research settings:

  • Copper chelators: Penicillamine, trientine may reduce GHK-Cu efficacy
  • Zinc supplementation: High-dose zinc may compete with copper absorption
  • Tetracycline antibiotics: May chelate copper ions
  • Antioxidants: High-dose vitamin C may affect copper bioavailability

Long-Term Safety Data

Long-term safety data from research studies indicates[2]:

  • Chronic exposure studies: No significant adverse effects in 6-month topical application studies in animal models
  • Copper accumulation: No evidence of toxic copper accumulation with standard research dosing
  • Organ toxicity: No hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity observed in preclinical studies
  • Immunogenicity: Minimal immune response due to naturally occurring nature of peptide

Laboratory Safety & Handling

Researchers should follow these safety protocols:

Personal Protective Equipment
  • Wear lab coat and safety glasses
  • Use nitrile gloves when handling
  • Work in well-ventilated area
  • Avoid inhalation of powder
Storage & Disposal
  • Store at -20°C in dark conditions
  • Keep vials tightly sealed
  • Dispose per institutional protocols
  • Do not dispose in regular waste
Documentation

Researchers should maintain thorough documentation of all observations, including any unexpected effects or adverse events. Report unusual findings to institutional review boards as appropriate.

Frequently Asked Questions

GHK (Gly-His-Lys) is the tripeptide alone, while GHK-Cu is the peptide complexed with copper (Cu²⁺) ions. The copper-bound form is significantly more active in research applications[6].

Key differences:

  • Activity: GHK-Cu is ~30-50% more potent than GHK alone
  • Stability: Copper complex is more stable in solution
  • Bioavailability: Copper enhances cellular uptake
  • Mechanisms: Copper contributes additional biological effects

Normal appearance:

  • Fresh powder: White to off-white or very pale blue
  • Freshly reconstituted: Clear to very pale blue (almost colorless)
  • After storage: Light blue tint is normal

Signs of degradation: Deep blue, blue-green, or green color indicates oxidation. Discard solutions that develop dark coloration.

Recommended reconstitution procedure:

  1. Use bacteriostatic water or sterile water for injection
  2. Add solvent slowly down the side of the vial (avoid direct stream onto powder)
  3. Gently swirl (do not shake vigorously)
  4. Allow to dissolve fully (typically 1-2 minutes)
  5. Store reconstituted solution at 2-8°C

Tip: For topical research formulations, you can reconstitute at higher concentrations (e.g., 10mg/mL) then dilute into your formulation vehicle.

Yes, GHK-Cu is often combined with other peptides in research applications. Common combinations include:

  • BPC-157: Complementary healing mechanisms[7]
  • TB-500: Synergistic tissue repair effects
  • Epithalon: Combined anti-aging research
  • Matrixyl peptides: Enhanced collagen synthesis

Note: Always reconstitute peptides separately, then combine if desired. Do not mix dry powders.

Dark blue or green coloration indicates oxidation of the copper complex. This can occur due to:

  • Exposure to air/oxygen over time
  • Storage at room temperature
  • Contamination during handling
  • pH changes in solution
  • Expired or improperly stored product

Prevention strategies:

  • Store reconstituted solution refrigerated (2-8°C)
  • Use bacteriostatic water for longer stability
  • Minimize air exposure (don't leave vial open)
  • Consider adding antioxidants to topical formulations
  • Use within 30 days of reconstitution

NO. This product is FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY.

GHK-Cu is not approved by the FDA for human consumption, medical use, or veterinary applications. This product is intended solely for in-vitro laboratory research by qualified professionals. Any other use is strictly prohibited by law.

GHK-Cu has been extensively studied since its discovery in 1973. Research areas include:

  • Wound healing: Accelerated closure and improved tissue quality[8]
  • Skin aging: Increased collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan production[9]
  • Hair growth: Follicle enlargement and growth stimulation[10]
  • Gene expression: Modulation of over 4,000 genes related to tissue repair[11]
  • Anti-inflammatory effects: Reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines[12]
  • Angiogenesis: Blood vessel formation and tissue vascularization[13]

See the "References & Citations" tab for full bibliography.

GHK-Cu is the most well-researched copper peptide, with several distinguishing features:

  • Natural occurrence: Found naturally in human plasma, making it highly biocompatible
  • Size: Smallest effective copper peptide (tripeptide), allowing better penetration
  • High affinity: Extremely strong copper binding (Kd ~10⁻¹⁶ M)
  • Research depth: Over 50 years of scientific investigation
  • Multi-target activity: Affects thousands of genes simultaneously[11]
  • Safety profile: Excellent safety record in research settings

While other copper peptides exist (e.g., AHKCU, GHK-Cu analogues), GHK-Cu remains the gold standard due to its extensive research validation and natural presence in human tissues.

Clinical Trials & Research Studies

GHK-Cu has been extensively studied in dermatological and wound healing applications over the past five decades. While most research focuses on topical cosmetic applications, ongoing clinical investigations explore its regenerative potential across various medical contexts.

Research Note: GHK-Cu is primarily investigated in dermatology, cosmetic science, and wound healing contexts. Unlike pharmaceutical peptides with extensive Phase 3 programs, GHK-Cu research predominantly consists of smaller clinical studies, in vitro research, and topical application trials. Information below is based on published research and ClinicalTrials.gov records.

Registered Clinical Trials

NCT05932732: Phase IV HydraFacial Study with ReGen-GF Booster

Official Title: A Phase IV Open-label Trial Assessing the Impact on Skin Quality, Hydration, and Barrier of Three (3) Hydrafacial Treatments in Adults of Fitzpatrick Skin Types I-VI

Study Type: Phase IV, Unblinded, Open-label Study

Brief Summary: This is a phase IV, unblinded, open-label study assessing the impact on skin quality, hydration, and barrier of three (3) Hydrafacial treatments in healthy adults of Fitzpatrick Skin Types I & II, III, IV, V & VI, 30 to 55 years of age. Efficacy and subject satisfaction will be assessed, before and after three (3) HF treatments, in 6 patient cohorts, each cohort defined by FST I-VI.

Detailed Description: A multisite study. Approximately 30 subjects will be enrolled in the trial. The purpose of this study is to assess the changes in facial skin hydration and moisturization after a series of 3 hydrafacial treatments in subjects of all Fitzpatrick skin types. In addition, patient and investigator assessed changes in skin quality characteristics will be captured.

Interventions:

  • Device: HydraFacial Syndeo System
  • Drug: ReGen-GF (contains GHK-Cu, growth factors, humectants, and moisturizers)
  • Device: HydraFacial Elite MD System

Enrollment: Approximately 30 subjects

Population: Healthy adults, 30-55 years of age, all Fitzpatrick Skin Types (I-VI)

Conditions: Cutis Laxa Facialis, Xeroderma

Treatment Protocol:

Utilizing patented Vortex Fusion Technology, a pneumatic device, the HydraFacial Syndeo system and HydraFacial Elite MD system cleanses, exfoliates, and hydrates the skin. The procedure lasts 30-45 minutes and includes three steps:

  • Step 1: Gentle cleansing
  • Step 2: Light peel
  • Step 3: Infusion of a proprietary blend of ingredients, termed the ReGen-GF booster, which contains growth factors, humectants and moisturizers (including GHK-Cu)

Once this treatment is complete, subjects will undergo a non-invasive red LED treatment, Ellipse Red Light, during which the skin is exposed to gentle red light under a horseshoe-shaped illumination device while wearing blocking goggles, to improve circulation and reduce inflammation.

Study Schedule:

  • Baseline Visit (Day 1): Screening and baseline with HF treatment #1
  • Treatment 2 (Day 28): Second HF treatment, 28 days after baseline
  • Treatment 3 (Day 56): Third HF treatment, 28 days after treatment 2
  • Final Visit (Day 85): Final assessment, 29 days after treatment 3

Primary Endpoint: Improvement in skin quality assessments performed by the investigator from baseline (prior to treatment 1) to Day 85, the final study visit.

Secondary Endpoints:

  • Changes in facial skin hydration and moisturization (corneometry)
  • Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) - assessing skin barrier integrity (tewlometry)
  • Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) including satisfaction
  • Investigator-assessed measurements using the validated Scientific Assessment Scale of Skin Quality (elasticity, roughness, fine lines, pigmentation, erythema, and pore size)
  • Investigator Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale
  • Investigator Tolerability Assessment

Study ID: PDCR-000300

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05932732

Study Design Note: This is an exploratory study for which results will be reported, but not analyzed with statistical tools beyond calculating mean values. No interim analyses will be conducted. This study uses web-based, electronic case report forms (eCRFs) developed through a validated, Electronic Records/Electronic Signatures-compliant platform (US Title 21 CFR Part 11). All adverse events observed by study site personnel or reported spontaneously by subjects will be recorded, including description, assessment of severity, and relationship to study treatment.

Clinical Research Overview

GHK-Cu research spans multiple decades, with over 100 published studies examining its effects on:

  • Wound Healing: Acceleration of tissue repair and reduction of inflammation
  • Skin Rejuvenation: Improvement in skin thickness, elasticity, and photoaging markers
  • Hair Growth: Stimulation of follicular cell proliferation
  • Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Modulation of immune responses
  • Tissue Remodeling: Collagen and elastin production
  • Pulmonary Fibrosis: Protective effects via anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation pathways
  • Colitis: Beneficial effects on experimental models of colitis
  • Acute Lung Injury: Amelioration of LPS-induced acute lung injury

Dermatological & Cosmetic Studies

Photoaging & Skin Rejuvenation

Study Focus: Topical GHK-Cu cream for treatment of photodamaged skin

Study Type: Controlled clinical trials (multiple studies)

Population: Adults with photoaged skin (typically 40-65 years)

Duration: 12 weeks (typical protocol)

Key Publications: PubMed: GHK-Cu & Photoaging Studies

Key Findings:

  • Improved skin thickness and firmness measurements
  • Increased collagen and elastin production (histological analysis)
  • Reduction in fine lines and wrinkles (clinical grading)
  • Enhanced skin density via ultrasound imaging
  • Improved overall appearance scores

Typical Formulation: 0.05-2% GHK-Cu in topical cream base

Multiple published studies in dermatology journals (1990s-2010s)

Wound Healing & Tissue Repair

Study Focus: GHK-Cu application to surgical and chronic wounds

Study Type: Clinical case series and controlled trials

Population: Post-surgical patients, chronic wound patients

Duration: Variable (2-12 weeks depending on wound type)

Key Publications: PubMed: GHK-Cu & Wound Healing

Key Findings:

  • Accelerated wound contraction and epithelialization
  • Reduced inflammatory markers in wound tissue
  • Enhanced angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation)
  • Improved scar quality and reduced scar formation
  • Stimulation of fibroblast migration and proliferation

Applications Studied: Post-operative wounds, diabetic ulcers, pressure sores

Published in wound care and plastic surgery journals

Hair Growth & Follicle Stimulation

Study Focus: GHK-Cu effects on hair follicle cells and androgenetic alopecia

Study Type: In vitro studies and small clinical trials

Population: Individuals with androgenetic alopecia or thinning hair

Duration: 3-6 months (typical hair growth studies)

Key Publications: PubMed: GHK-Cu & Hair Growth

Key Findings:

  • Enlarged hair follicle size (clinical observations)
  • Stimulated follicular keratinocyte proliferation (in vitro)
  • Increased hair growth rate in some subjects
  • Anti-inflammatory effects on scalp tissue
  • Improved hair thickness and density measurements

Application: Topical scalp treatment, often combined with other growth factors

Research conducted by cosmetic companies and dermatology departments

Additional Research Applications

Pulmonary Fibrosis (2020)

Study: Protective effects of GHK-Cu in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation pathways

Publication: Life Sciences. 2020 - Elsevier

Key Findings:

  • GHK-Cu complex inhibited bleomycin-induced inflammatory responses
  • Demonstrated protective effects through anti-oxidative stress mechanisms
  • Reduced inflammation via anti-inflammation pathways
  • Showed potential therapeutic application for pulmonary fibrosis

Link: ScienceDirect

Colitis (2025)

Study: Exploring the beneficial effects of GHK-Cu on an experimental model of colitis and the underlying mechanisms

Publication: Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2025

Key Findings:

  • GHK-Cu effects on healing of MCECs (microvascular endothelial cells)
  • Effects on protein expression of ZO-1 and other tight junction proteins
  • Inhibition of RORγt expression
  • Demonstrated beneficial effects in experimental colitis models

Link: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Acute Lung Injury (2016)

Study: The tri-peptide GHK-Cu complex ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice

Publication: Oncotarget. 2016

Key Findings:

  • GHK-Cu ameliorated LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI)
  • Demonstrated protective effects in mouse models
  • Showed potential for treating acute lung injury conditions

Link: PMC5295439

Wound Healing with Liposomal Delivery (2017)

Study: GHK-Cu-liposomes accelerate scald wound healing in mice by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis

Publication: Wound Repair and Regeneration. 2017 - Wiley

Key Findings:

  • GHK-Cu-liposomes showed better wound healing compared to free GHK-Cu
  • Enhanced signal of CD31 (angiogenesis marker) and Ki67 (proliferation marker)
  • Promoted cell proliferation and angiogenesis in scald wound models
  • Demonstrated improved delivery and efficacy with liposomal formulation

Link: Wiley Online Library

ACL Reconstruction (2015)

Study: Tripeptide-copper complex GHK-Cu (II) transiently improved healing outcome in a rat model of ACL reconstruction

Publication: Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2015 - Wiley

Key Findings:

  • GHK-Cu transiently improved healing outcomes in ACL reconstruction model
  • Well-characterized for involvement in tissue healing and remodeling
  • Post-operative, intra-articular injections showed beneficial effects
  • Demonstrated potential for orthopedic applications

Link: Wiley Online Library

Self-Assembled Nanoparticles (2019)

Study: Self-assembled fluorescent and antibacterial GHK-Cu nanoparticles for wound healing applications

Publication: Particle & Particle Systems Characterization. 2019 - Wiley

Key Findings:

  • Developed GHK-Cu nanoparticles (NPs) to address stability issues
  • Crystalline nanostructure within GHK-Cu NPs
  • Fluorescent and antibacterial properties
  • Potential for improved wound healing applications

Link: Wiley Online Library

Research Methodology Summary

Research Area Study Types Sample Sizes Primary Outcomes Evidence Level
Skin Aging RCTs, Controlled trials 20-70 participants/study Wrinkle reduction, skin density Moderate
Wound Healing Case series, Pilot studies 10-50 participants/study Healing time, wound closure Preliminary
Hair Growth In vitro, Small trials 5-30 participants/study Follicle size, hair counts Preliminary
Gene Regulation In vitro, Microarray Cell culture studies Gene expression profiles Mechanistic

Notable Research Institutions

GHK-Cu research has been conducted at multiple institutions worldwide:

United States
  • University of California, San Francisco
  • University of Washington
  • Private dermatology research centers
Europe
  • University of Hamburg (Germany)
  • French cosmetic research institutes
  • Polish Academy of Sciences
Asia
  • Korean dermatology research centers
  • Japanese cosmetic companies
  • Chinese regenerative medicine labs

Current Research Landscape

Active Research Areas (2020s):

  • Skin Barrier Function: Investigation of GHK-Cu effects on stratum corneum integrity and hydration
  • Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms: Detailed studies on cytokine modulation and immune cell interactions
  • Combination Therapies: Synergistic effects with other growth factors and peptides
  • Novel Delivery Systems: Nanoparticle encapsulation, microneedling, and transdermal technologies
  • Gene Expression Profiling: Comprehensive analysis of GHK-Cu's effects on cellular transcriptomes
  • Longevity Research: Potential systemic anti-aging effects beyond topical application

Limitations & Research Gaps

Current Research Limitations:

  • Small Sample Sizes: Most clinical studies involve 20-70 participants, limiting statistical power
  • Short Duration: Most trials run 8-12 weeks; long-term effects (>1 year) are not well-documented
  • Lack of Standardization: Wide variation in formulations, concentrations, and application protocols
  • Limited Systemic Studies: Most research focuses on topical use; injectable/systemic effects less studied
  • Incomplete Mechanism: Precise molecular mechanisms and receptor interactions still under investigation
  • No Large Phase 3 Trials: GHK-Cu has not undergone the rigorous multi-center Phase 3 programs typical of pharmaceuticals

How to Find More Information

For current research and clinical trial information:

  1. Visit ClinicalTrials.gov and search for "GHK-Cu", "copper peptide", or "copper tripeptide"
  2. Search PubMed for "GHK-Cu" or "glycyl-histidyl-lysine" for peer-reviewed publications
  3. Review dermatology journals: Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Skin Pharmacology and Physiology
  4. Check wound care literature: Wound Repair and Regeneration, Advances in Wound Care

Interested in Research Participation? Clinical trials for cosmetic peptides are occasionally conducted by dermatology departments and cosmetic companies. Contact information is typically available on ClinicalTrials.gov when studies are actively recruiting.

Research-Grade GHK-Cu

For Researchers: Research-grade GHK-Cu is available for in vitro studies, cell culture experiments, and pre-clinical research. Our product meets stringent purity standards (>99%) and is accompanied by analytical certificates. This product is intended exclusively for laboratory research and is not for human consumption or therapeutic use without appropriate regulatory oversight.

Disclaimer: GHK-Cu is widely used in cosmetic products and has been studied extensively in dermatological contexts. However, it has not been approved by the FDA as a drug for any medical condition. Injectable or systemic use remains investigational. All information presented is based on published scientific literature and does not constitute medical advice. Research-grade peptides are for laboratory use only.

References & Scientific Citations

The information provided on this page is supported by peer-reviewed scientific research. Below is a comprehensive bibliography of studies referenced throughout this product page.

Research Integrity:

All claims made on this page are backed by published scientific literature. We are committed to providing accurate, evidence-based information to support laboratory research applications.

Citations

  1. Pickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative and protective actions of the GHK-Cu peptide in the light of the new gene data. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(7):1987. [MDPI]
  2. Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging: implications for cognitive health. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:324832. [Wiley Online Library]
  3. Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK-Cu may prevent oxidative stress in skin by regulating copper and modifying expression of numerous antioxidant genes. Cosmetics. 2015;2(3):236-247. [MDPI]
  4. Dymek M, Olechowska K, Hąc-Wydro K, Sikora E. Liposomes as carriers of GHK-Cu tripeptide for cosmetic application. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(10):2485. [MDPI]
  5. Ma W, Li M, Ma H, Li W, Liu L, Yin Y, Zhou X, Hou G. Protective effects of GHK-Cu in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation pathways. Life Sci. 2020;241:117117. [ScienceDirect]
  6. Sun L, Li A, Hu Y, Li Y, Shang L. Self-assembled fluorescent and antibacterial GHK-Cu nanoparticles for wound healing applications. Particle & Particle Systems Characterization. 2019;36(4):1800420. [Wiley Online Library]
  7. Fu SC, Cheuk YC, Chiu WYV, Yung SH. Tripeptide-copper complex GHK-Cu (II) transiently improved healing outcome in a rat model of ACL reconstruction. J Orthop Res. 2015;33(7):1024-1033. [Wiley Online Library]
  8. Mao S, Huang J, Li J, Sun F, Zhang Q. Exploring the beneficial effects of GHK-Cu on an experimental model of colitis and the underlying mechanisms. Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1551843. [Frontiers in Pharmacology]
  9. Park JR, Lee H, Kim SI, Yang SR. The tri-peptide GHK-Cu complex ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Oncotarget. 2016;7(36):58405-58417. [PMC]
  10. Pickart L. The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2008;19(8):969-988. [Taylor & Francis]
  11. Hu D, Zhang X, Gong S, Ma W, Cheng B, Yang J. An injectable hydroxyapatite microsphere filler loaded with GHK-Cu tripeptide for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2025;240:114089. [ScienceDirect]
  12. Badenhorst T, Svirskis D, Merrilees M, Bolke L. Effects of GHK-Cu on MMP and TIMP expression, collagen and elastin production, and facial wrinkle parameters. J Aging Sci. 2016;4(2):1000162. [ResearchGate]
  13. Dou Y, Lee A, Zhu L, Morton J. The potential of GHK as an anti-aging peptide. Aging Pathobiol Ther. 2020;2(1):58-61. [PMC]
  14. Wang X, Liu B, Xu Q, Sun H, Shi M. GHK-Cu-liposomes accelerate scald wound healing in mice by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Wound Repair Regen. 2017;25(2):270-278. [Wiley Online Library]
  15. An P, Zhang Z, Yang J, Wang T, Wang Z. Ultrasensitive and label-free detection of copper ions by GHK-modified asymmetric nanochannels. Anal Chem. 2023;95(20):7894-7901. [ACS Publications]
  16. Xu X, Pan Y, King F. Extending the applicability of pulsed glow discharge mass spectrometry to GHK-Cu determination. Int J Mass Spectrom. 2020;450:116306. [ScienceDirect]
  17. Ogórek K, Nowak K, Wadych E, Ruzik L, Timerbaev AR. Are We Ready to Measure Skin Permeation of Modern Antiaging GHK–Cu Tripeptide Encapsulated in Liposomes? Molecules. 2025;30(1):136. [MDPI]
  18. Bossak-Ahmad K, Wiśniewska MD, Bal W. Ternary Cu(II) Complex with GHK Peptide and cis-Urocanic Acid as a Potential Physiologically Functional Copper Chelate. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(17):6190. [MDPI]
  19. Liu T, Hu L, Lu B, Bo Y, Liao Y, Zhan J, Pei Y. A novel delivery vehicle for copper peptides. New J Chem. 2023;47(3):1042-1050. [RSC Publishing]
  20. Maquart FX, Bellon G, Chaqour B, et al. In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental wounds. J Clin Invest. 1993;92(5):2368-2376. [PMC]
  21. Simeon A, Wegrowski Y, Bontemps Y, Maquart FX. Expression of glycosaminoglycans and small proteoglycans in wounds: modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(2+). J Invest Dermatol. 2000;115(6):962-968. [PubMed]
  22. Wegrowski Y, Maquart FX, Borel JP. Stimulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+. Life Sci. 1992;51(13):1049-1056. [PubMed]
  23. Freedberg IM, Bluefarb SM, Pickart L. Growth-modulating plasma tripeptide may function by facilitating copper uptake into cells. Nature. 1975;253(5493):542-544. [Nature]
  24. Campbell JD, McDonough JE, Zeskind JE, et al. A gene expression signature of emphysema-related lung destruction and its reversal by the tripeptide GHK. Genome Med. 2012;4(8):67. [PMC]
  25. Pyo HK, Yoo HG, Won CH, et al. The effect of tripeptide-copper complex on human hair growth in vitro. Arch Pharm Res. 2007;30(7):834-839. [PubMed]
  26. Hostynek JJ, Dreher F, Maibach HI. Human skin penetration of a copper tripeptide in vitro as a function of skin layer. Inflamm Res. 2010;59 Suppl 2:S253-S255. [PubMed]
  27. Kang YA, Choi HR, Na JI, et al. Copper-GHK increases integrin expression and p63 positivity by keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res. 2009;301(4):301-306. [PubMed]
  28. Canapp SO Jr, Farese JP, Schultz GS, et al. The effect of topical tripeptide-copper complex on healing of ischemic open wounds. Vet Surg. 2003;32(6):515-523. [PubMed]
  29. Gul NY, Topal A, Cangul IT, Yanik K. The effects of topical tripeptide-copper complex and helium-neon laser on wound healing in rabbits. Vet Dermatol. 2008;19(1):7-14. [PubMed]
  30. Pollard JD, Quan S, Kang T, Koch RJ. Effects of copper tripeptide on the growth and expression of growth factors by normal and irradiated fibroblasts. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2005;7(1):27-31. [PubMed]
  31. Arul V, Gopinath D, Gomathi K, Jayakumar R. Biotinylated GHK peptide incorporated collagenous matrix: A novel biomaterial for dermal wound healing in rats. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2005;73(2):383-391. [PubMed]
  32. Miller DM, DeSilva D, Pickart L, Aust SD. Effects of glycylhistidyllysine chelated to copper(II) on ferritin dependent lipid peroxidation. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1990;264:79-84. [PubMed]
  33. Downey DL, Larrabee WF Jr, Voci V, Pickart L. Acceleration of wound healing using glycyl-histidyl-lysine copper (II). Surg Forum. 1985;36:573-575.
  34. Lane TF, Iruela-Arispe ML, Johnson RS, Sage EH. SPARC is a source of copper-binding peptides that stimulate angiogenesis. J Cell Biol. 1994;125(4):929-943. [PMC]

Additional Resources

For researchers interested in further reading:

⚠️ Research Use Only

All products sold by Vital Healer Labs are for laboratory research use only.
Not for human consumption, medical, or veterinary use.

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