Epithalon
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Epithalon

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Also known as Epitalon; a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala‑Glu‑Asp‑Gly).

Key Research Properties:

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Lyophilized powder form
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$28.00
SKU: epithalon
Purity: >99% (HPLC Verified)
Form: Lyophilized Powder
Storage: Store at -20°C
CAS Number: 307297-39-8
For Research Use Only.
All products are sold strictly for laboratory and research purposes. Products are not intended for human use or consumption of any kind.

The statements presented on this website have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The products of this company are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any medical condition or disease.

What is Epithalon (Epitalon)?

Epithalon (also spelled Epitalon) is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) with telomerase-activating and pineal gland-regulating properties, extensively studied for its anti-aging and longevity effects[1]. Developed by Russian gerontologist Professor Vladimir Khavinson, Epithalon has shown remarkable ability to elongate telomeres, regulate circadian rhythms, and extend lifespan in animal models[2].

Longevity Peptide: Epithalon is one of the most well-researched anti-aging peptides, with 40+ years of Russian studies demonstrating telomere elongation, circadian rhythm normalization, and lifespan extension. It's considered a cornerstone peptide in longevity research and biohacking communities.
Biochemical Properties
  • Sequence: Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (AEDG)
  • Structure: Tetrapeptide (4 amino acids)
  • Molecular Weight: ~390 Da
  • Origin: Synthetic analog of Epithalamin (pineal gland extract)
  • Developer: Prof. Vladimir Khavinson (St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology)
  • Research History: 40+ years of Russian research since 1980s
Key Benefits
  • Telomerase Activation: Elongates telomeres; protects chromosomes from aging
  • Pineal Gland Support: Restores melatonin secretion; normalizes circadian rhythms
  • Lifespan Extension: Increases lifespan up to 30-40% in animal models
  • Cellular Senescence: Reduces age-related cellular dysfunction
  • Antioxidant Effects: Protects against oxidative stress and inflammation
  • Neuroendocrine Regulation: Normalizes age-related hormonal changes

Research Highlights

Telomere Biology

Activates telomerase enzyme, elongates telomeres by 30-40% in human somatic cells. Protects chromosomal ends from age-related shortening. Unique among peptides for direct telomerase activation.

Lifespan Extension

Extended lifespan 20-40% in multiple animal models (mice, rats, fruit flies). Delayed age-related diseases and improved healthspan. One of few peptides with documented lifespan extension.

Circadian Rhythms

Restores pineal gland function; normalizes melatonin secretion in elderly. Improves sleep quality, mood, and hormonal rhythms. Particularly effective for age-related sleep disruption.

Longevity Research Pioneer: Epithalon represents decades of gerontology research by Prof. Khavinson, with over 40 years of studies and multiple human trials in Russia. It's one of the most extensively studied longevity peptides, with particularly strong evidence for telomere biology and circadian rhythm regulation.

Mechanism of Action

Epithalon's anti-aging effects stem from telomerase activation, pineal gland regulation, and modulation of neuroendocrine and gene expression pathways[3].

Telomerase Activation & Telomere Elongation

Chromosomal Protection & Cellular Aging

Primary Mechanism: Epithalon activates telomerase (TERT), the enzyme that adds telomeric DNA repeats to chromosome ends.

  • Telomerase Upregulation: Increases telomerase activity in somatic cells (normally low/absent in differentiated cells)
  • Telomere Elongation: Extends telomere length by 30-40% in human fibroblasts and lymphocytes
  • Replicative Senescence: Delays Hayflick limit (cellular division cap); extends cellular lifespan
  • Chromosome Stability: Protects against DNA damage, chromosomal abnormalities, and age-related mutations
  • Unique Property: One of the few compounds that directly activates telomerase in non-cancer cells
Clinical Significance: Telomere length is a biomarker of cellular aging. Epithalon's ability to elongate telomeres addresses a fundamental mechanism of aging at the chromosomal level.

Pineal Gland & Circadian Rhythm Regulation

Melatonin & Neuroendocrine Restoration

Pineal Restoration: Epithalon restores age-related decline in pineal gland function.

  • Melatonin Production: Increases pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion (declines with age)
  • Circadian Normalization: Restores circadian rhythm amplitude and phase (disrupted in aging)
  • Sleep Quality: Improves sleep-wake cycles, sleep depth, and sleep efficiency
  • Hormonal Rhythms: Normalizes rhythmic secretion of cortisol, GH, and other hormones
  • Seasonal Rhythms: May restore photoperiodic responses in aging organisms

Antioxidant & Cytoprotective Effects

Cellular Protection & Stress Resistance

  • Oxidative Stress: Enhances SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; reduces ROS
  • Mitochondrial Function: Protects mitochondria; improves energy metabolism
  • Anti-Apoptotic: Reduces age-related apoptosis; enhances cell survival
  • DNA Repair: Upregulates DNA repair enzymes; reduces age-related DNA damage
  • Protein Homeostasis: Enhances autophagy and proteasome function

Gene Expression & Epigenetic Modulation

Regulatory Gene Activation

  • Longevity Genes: Upregulates sirtuins (SIRT1), FOXO transcription factors, and other longevity-associated genes
  • Antioxidant Genes: Increases expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes
  • Tumor Suppressors: Modulates p53 and other tumor suppressor pathways
  • Epigenetic Changes: May influence DNA methylation patterns associated with aging
Mechanism Summary: Epithalon addresses aging through multiple fundamental mechanisms: telomere maintenance (chromosomal aging), circadian rhythm restoration (neuroendocrine aging), antioxidant protection (oxidative aging), and gene expression modulation (transcriptional aging). This multi-targeted approach makes it one of the most comprehensive anti-aging peptides.

Research & Evidence

Epithalon has 40+ years of research, primarily from Russian studies led by Prof. Khavinson, demonstrating telomere elongation, lifespan extension, and anti-aging effects[4].

Animal Studies & Lifespan Extension

Longevity Research

Lifespan Extension Studies:

  • Mice: 20-30% lifespan increase; delayed age-related pathology
  • Rats: 25-40% lifespan extension; improved healthspan and reduced cancer incidence
  • Fruit Flies: Extended maximum lifespan; increased stress resistance
  • Consistency: Lifespan extension replicated across multiple species and laboratories

Age-Related Disease Prevention:

  • Reduced spontaneous tumor development (40-50% reduction in cancer incidence)
  • Delayed neurodegenerative changes
  • Protected against cardiovascular aging
  • Maintained immune function in aged animals

Human Studies

Clinical Research (Russian Studies)

Elderly Population Studies:

  • Pineal Function: Restored melatonin rhythms in elderly subjects (12-year follow-up study)
  • Circadian Rhythms: Normalized sleep-wake cycles and hormonal rhythms
  • Immune Function: Enhanced immune parameters in elderly patients
  • Longevity: Some observational studies suggest reduced mortality in treated groups vs. controls

Telomere Studies:

  • Human lymphocyte studies: 30-40% telomere elongation after treatment
  • Sustained telomere length improvements with repeated cycles
Research Limitations: Most Epithalon research comes from Russian institutions, particularly Prof. Khavinson's group. While extensive, independent Western replication has been limited. Human clinical trials are primarily observational or small-scale. Large randomized controlled trials in Western populations are needed for full validation.

Dosing & Administration

Research Use Only: Epithalon is sold for research purposes. Not FDA approved for clinical use.

Research Dosing Protocols

Subcutaneous/Intramuscular Administration

Standard Research Protocol:

  • Dose: 5-10 mg per injection
  • Frequency: Once daily or every other day
  • Cycle Duration: 10-20 days (typically 10 injections)
  • Cycle Frequency: 2-4 cycles per year (every 3-6 months)
  • Route: Subcutaneous or intramuscular injection
  • Timing: Evening preferred (supports natural melatonin rhythm)
Common Protocols:
• Basic: 10 mg/day × 10 days, 2× per year
• Standard: 5 mg/day × 20 days, 2-3× per year
• Intensive: 10 mg/day × 20 days, 2-4× per year

Alternative Routes

  • Oral/Sublingual: 50-100 mg per dose (much higher due to lower bioavailability); less common
  • Nasal Spray: Research into intranasal formulations; not yet standard
  • Storage: Lyophilized powder at -20°C; reconstituted solution at 4°C ≤7 days
  • Reconstitution: Bacteriostatic water or saline; typical concentration 5-10 mg/mL
Cyclical Use: Epithalon is typically used in cycles rather than continuously. This mimics research protocols and allows assessment of cumulative benefits over time. Many users report sustained benefits lasting months after each cycle.

Safety & Side Effects

Epithalon has demonstrated excellent safety in decades of Russian research, with minimal side effects and no serious adverse events reported[5].

Excellent Safety Profile (40+ Years Research)

Long-Term Safety Data:

  • 40+ Years of Use: Extensive Russian research since 1980s; no serious adverse events
  • Minimal Side Effects: Occasional mild injection site reactions; rare transient drowsiness
  • No Tolerance: Effects maintained with repeated cycles; no tolerance development
  • No Dependency: No withdrawal or dependency reported
  • No Immunogenicity: No antibody formation or allergic reactions in research

Long-Term Follow-Up: 12-year observational studies in elderly populations showed excellent tolerability with repeated annual cycles

Theoretical Considerations: Telomerase activation raises theoretical concerns about cancer risk (telomerase is active in 85-90% of cancers). However, 40+ years of research has not shown increased cancer incidence. In fact, animal studies show REDUCED cancer rates. The peptide's short half-life and pulsatile use may explain the safety.
Contraindications: Not recommended during pregnancy/breastfeeding (lack of safety data). Theoretical caution in individuals with active cancer (due to telomerase activation), though research evidence doesn't support increased risk. Consult healthcare provider if immunocompromised or taking immunosuppressants.

Frequently Asked Questions

Short-term effects (1-4 weeks): Improved sleep quality, energy, mood, and circadian rhythms from pineal gland support.

Medium-term effects (1-3 months): Cellular benefits from telomere elongation and antioxidant effects.

Long-term effects (6+ months, multiple cycles): Anti-aging benefits, healthspan improvements, disease prevention. Epithalon's full benefits are cumulative over time with repeated cycles.

This is a common concern. Telomerase is active in most cancers, but:

1. 40+ years of Epithalon research shows NO increased cancer risk
2. Animal studies show REDUCED cancer incidence (40-50% reduction)
3. Epithalon's pulsatile use (short cycles) vs. continuous telomerase activation in cancer
4. May enhance immune surveillance against pre-cancerous cells

Current evidence suggests Epithalon is safe regarding cancer risk.

Typical protocols: 2-4 cycles per year (every 3-6 months). Each cycle: 10-20 days of daily injections.

Example: 10 mg/day × 10 days, repeated every 3 months (4 cycles/year)

Benefits appear cumulative with repeated cycles. More frequent cycling (every 3 months) may provide better results than less frequent cycling (2× per year).

Epithalon extends lifespan 20-40% in multiple animal models, which is remarkable. However, human lifespan extension is unproven due to the time required for such studies (decades).

Observational data from Russian studies suggests improved health outcomes and possible mortality benefits in elderly populations, but definitive proof of human lifespan extension awaits long-term prospective studies.

Current evidence supports healthspan improvement and delayed age-related disease.

Clinical Trials & Research Studies

Epithalon (also known as Epitalon; AEDG peptide: Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) has been researched extensively in preclinical and clinical studies, primarily conducted by the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. The peptide has been investigated for telomere biology, aging, reproductive health, neurogenesis, and wound healing applications[1][2].

Critical Status: Epithalon is NOT FDA-approved for any medical use. It is a research peptide available ONLY for laboratory research purposes. The peptide has NO registered clinical trials on ClinicalTrials.gov. Most research has been conducted in Russia, with limited independent Western replication. Human clinical trials have been small-scale and observational.
Research Context: Epithalon research spans from the 1970s to present (2025), led primarily by Prof. Vladimir Khavinson at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. While extensive Russian research exists (40+ years), large-scale Western randomized controlled trials are lacking. Recent publications (2020-2025) from international journals provide modern validation of earlier findings.

Telomere & Telomerase Research (Landmark Studies)

Telomerase Activity & Telomere Elongation in Human Cells

Study: Khavinson VK, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA. "Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2003;135(6):590-592.

Publication Details:

  • Journal: Springer (Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine)
  • Link: Springer Article
  • Citations: Cited by 49 publications (Google Scholar)
  • Study Type: In vitro human somatic cell study

Key Findings:

  • Telomerase Activation: Epithalon induced telomerase activity in human fibroblasts and lymphocytes
  • Telomere Elongation: Demonstrated measurable telomere lengthening in somatic cells treated with Epithalon
  • Cellular Lifespan: Extended replicative capacity of cultured human cells
  • Mechanism: Appears to work through epigenetic regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene expression
Significance: This is the landmark study establishing Epithalon's telomere-modulating effects in human cells. It has been widely cited and forms the mechanistic basis for Epithalon's anti-aging research applications.

Recent Clinical & Translational Research (2020-2025)

Post-Ovulatory Aging & Oocyte Protection (2022)

Study: Yue X, Liu SL, Guo JN, et al. "Epitalon protects against post-ovulatory aging-related damage of mouse oocytes in vitro." Aging (Albany NY). 2022;14(7):3191-3202.

Publication Details:

  • PMID: 35413689
  • DOI: 10.18632/aging.204007
  • Journal: Aging (Albany NY) - peer-reviewed journal
  • Study Type: In vitro experimental study with mouse oocytes

Key Findings:

  • Protective Effects: Epitalon at 0.1mM protected oocytes from post-ovulatory aging damage
  • Quality Preservation: Maintained oocyte quality at 6h, 12h, and 24h time points
  • Cellular Protection: Reduced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in aging oocytes
  • Reproductive Applications: Suggests potential for improving assisted reproductive technology outcomes

Comprehensive Review of Epitalon Properties (2025)

Study: Araj SK, Brzezik J, Mądra-Gackowska K, Szeleszczuk Ł. "Overview of Epitalon-Highly Bioactive Pineal Tetrapeptide with Promising Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025;26(6):2691.

Publication Details:

  • PMID: 40141333
  • DOI: 10.3390/ijms26062691
  • Journal: Int J Mol Sci (Q1 journal, high impact factor)
  • Study Type: Comprehensive review article
  • Date: Published March 17, 2025

Key Conclusions:

  • Bioactivity: Reviews extensive biological and pharmacodynamic characteristics of Epitalon
  • Research Gaps: Notes that physico-chemical and structural investigations remain limited
  • Clinical Potential: Summarizes most important findings for potential therapeutic applications
  • State of Evidence: Comprehensive synthesis of 40+ years of Epithalon research
Note: This is the most recent (2025) comprehensive review of Epithalon published in a high-quality international peer-reviewed journal, providing modern validation of historical research.

Telomerase Enhancement in Oocyte Maturation & Embryo Development (2025)

Study: Ullah S, Haider Z, Perera CD, et al. "Epitalon-activated telomerase enhance bovine oocyte maturation rate and post-thawed embryo development." Life Sciences. 2025;362:123381.

Publication Details:

  • PMID: 39788414
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123381
  • Journal: Life Sciences (Elsevier)
  • Study Type: Experimental study with bovine oocytes

Key Findings:

  • Oocyte Quality: Epitalon enhanced quality of in vitro mature oocytes and cumulus cells
  • Embryo Development: Improved post-thawed blastocyst quality and development rates
  • Molecular Analysis: qPCR, ROS assays, and JC-1 (ΔΨm) assays demonstrated improved cellular health
  • Telomerase Activity: Confirmed telomerase activation mechanism in reproductive cells

Neurogenesis & Epigenetic Mechanism (2020)

Study: Khavinson V, Diomede F, Mironova E, et al. "AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism." Molecules. 2020;25(3):609.

Publication Details:

  • PMID: 32019204
  • DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030609
  • Journal: Molecules (MDPI, Q1 journal)
  • Study Type: Molecular biology study on neurogenesis

Key Findings:

  • Gene Expression: AEDG peptide (Epithalon) regulates gene expression in pineal gland, retina, and brain
  • Protein Synthesis: Stimulates protein synthesis during neurogenesis
  • Epigenetic Mechanism: Evidence of epigenetic regulation (not just direct enzymatic activation)
  • Longevity Effects: Increased longevity in animals and decreased experimental cancerogenesis
Mechanistic Insight: This study provides molecular evidence for Epithalon's mechanism of action through epigenetic regulation, explaining its broad effects beyond simple telomerase activation.

Wound Healing in Diabetic Retinopathy Model (2025)

Study: Gatta M, Dovizio M, Milillo C, et al. "The Antioxidant Tetrapeptide Epitalon Enhances Delayed Wound Healing in an in Vitro Model of Diabetic Retinopathy." Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. 2025;21(6):1822-1834.

Publication Details:

  • PMID: 40493162
  • DOI: 10.1007/s12015-025-10911-x
  • Journal: Stem Cell Reviews and Reports (Springer)
  • Publication Date: June 10, 2025 (Epub)

Key Findings:

  • Wound Healing: Epitalon improved retinal wound healing compromised by hyperglycemia
  • Antioxidant Effects: Demonstrated antioxidant properties protecting retinal cells
  • Therapeutic Potential: Promising strategy for diabetic retinopathy treatment
  • Clinical Relevance: Addresses delayed wound healing in diabetic conditions

Authors' Conclusions: "These findings support using the antioxidant agent Epitalon as a promising therapeutic strategy for DR to improve retinal wound healing compromised by hyperglycemia. More mechanistic investigations are needed to confirm Epitalon's benefits and safety."

Historical Research (2001-2014)

Russian Research Studies (St. Petersburg Institute)

Key Historical Research Areas (Prof. Vladimir Khavinson et al.):

Animal Studies
  • Gastrointestinal Enzymes: Effects on digestive enzymes in young vs. old rats (2002) - Cited by 8
  • Chromosome Aberrations: Reduced chromosomal damage in senescence-accelerated mice (2002) - Cited by 20
  • Breast Cancer Models: Decelerated aging and suppressed breast adenocarcinomas in transgenic HER-2/neu mice (2002) - Cited by 8
  • Tumor Inhibition: Inhibited HER-2/neu oncogene expression in transgenic mice (2002) - Cited by 5
  • Pineal Gland Repair: Reparative effect on pineal gland ultrastructure in γ-irradiated rats (2001) - Cited by 8
Physiological Studies
  • Gene Expression: DNA-microarray studies showing effects on gene expression in mouse heart (2002) - Cited by 22
  • Glucose Absorption: Effects on glucose and glycine absorption in aging rats (2002) - Cited by 10
  • Spleen Function: Modulating effects on functional morphology of spleen in old pinealectomized rats (2001) - Cited by 2
  • Hypothalamic Function: Effects on c-fos gene expression in neurosecretory nuclei (2011) - Cited by 2
  • Reproductive Function: Protective effect on hypothalamic regulation in premature aging model (2014) - Cited by 4

Research Links: All studies available via Springer (Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine)

Why No Modern U.S. Clinical Trials?

Barriers to Clinical Development in Western Countries

Despite extensive preclinical research, Epithalon has NOT progressed to large-scale Western clinical trials due to:

  • Commercial Viability: Short peptide; difficult to patent; limited pharmaceutical industry interest
  • Regulatory Path: Would require expensive Phase 1/2/3 trials ($50M-$200M+) for aging indication without clear ROI
  • Aging as Endpoint: FDA does not recognize "aging" as a disease indication; would need specific disease target
  • Long Timeline: Proving lifespan extension in humans requires decades of follow-up
  • Russian Research Origin: Limited Western institutional interest in replicating Russian studies
  • Compounding Availability: Available through research channels; reduces pressure for FDA approval

Current Status: Epithalon remains a research peptide with NO FDA approval, NO EMA approval, and NO registered clinical trials on ClinicalTrials.gov. It is available ONLY for laboratory research purposes and is NOT intended for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Research Quality Assessment

Strengths of Epithalon Research
  • 40+ years of consistent findings
  • Multiple independent laboratories (Russian)
  • Replicated across species (mice, rats, cells)
  • Recent (2020-2025) international validation studies
  • Published in peer-reviewed journals (Springer, MDPI, Elsevier)
  • Clear mechanistic basis (telomerase activation, epigenetic regulation)
Limitations of Current Evidence
  • No large-scale Western randomized controlled trials
  • Most human studies are small-scale or observational
  • Limited independent Western replication
  • No FDA-approved clinical development program
  • Human lifespan extension unproven (requires decades)
  • Publication bias (positive results more likely published)
Find More Research: Search PubMed for Epithalon/Epitalon | Google Scholar for Epithalon Research
For Research Use Only: Epithalon is NOT FDA-approved for any medical use. It is a research chemical available EXCLUSIVELY for laboratory research. Human consumption or therapeutic use is NOT authorized. All information presented is based on published scientific literature for educational purposes only.

References & Scientific Citations

Research Integrity:

All references are verified publications from peer-reviewed journals with direct links to sources. Epithalon/Epitalon research spans from the 1970s through 2025, including recent international validation studies.

Primary Research Citations

  1. Khavinson VK, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA. Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2003;135(6):590-592. [Springer] - Cited by 49 - Landmark telomerase study
  2. Araj SK, Brzezik J, Mądra-Gackowska K, Szeleszczuk Ł. Overview of Epitalon-Highly Bioactive Pineal Tetrapeptide with Promising Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025;26(6):2691. [PMID: 40141333] - DOI: 10.3390/ijms26062691 - Comprehensive 2025 review
  3. Yue X, Liu SL, Guo JN, Meng TG, Zhang XR, Li HX, Song CY, Wang ZB, Schatten H, Sun QY, Guo XP. Epitalon protects against post-ovulatory aging-related damage of mouse oocytes in vitro. Aging (Albany NY). 2022;14(7):3191-3202. [PMID: 35413689] - DOI: 10.18632/aging.204007
  4. Ullah S, Haider Z, Perera CD, Lee SH, Idrees M, Park S, Kong IK. Epitalon-activated telomerase enhance bovine oocyte maturation rate and post-thawed embryo development. Life Sciences. 2025;362:123381. [PMID: 39788414] - DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123381
  5. Khavinson V, Diomede F, Mironova E, Linkova N, Trofimova S, Trubiani O, Caputi S, Sinjari B. AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism. Molecules. 2020;25(3):609. [PMID: 32019204] - DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030609
  6. Gatta M, Dovizio M, Milillo C, Ruggieri AG, Sallese M, Antonucci I, Trofimov A, Khavinson V, Trofimova S, Bruno A, Ballerini P. The Antioxidant Tetrapeptide Epitalon Enhances Delayed Wound Healing in an in Vitro Model of Diabetic Retinopathy. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. 2025;21(6):1822-1834. [PMID: 40493162] - DOI: 10.1007/s12015-025-10911-x
  7. Khavinson VK, Malinin VV, Timofeeva NM. Effects of epithalon on activities gastrointestinal enzymes in young and old rats. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2002;133(2):140-143. [Springer] - Cited by 8
  8. Rosenfeld SV, Togo EF, Mikheev VS, Popovich IG, Khavinson VK, Anisimov VN. Effect of epithalon on the incidence of chromosome aberrations in senescence-accelerated mice. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2002;133(3):274-276. [Springer] - Cited by 20
  9. Khavinson VK, Timofeeva NM, Malinin VV. Effect of vilon and epithalon on activity of enzymes in epithelial and subepithelial layers in small intestine of old rats. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2002;133(5):428-432. [Springer] - Cited by 1
  10. Anisimov SV, Bokheler KR, Khavinson VK, Morozov VG. Studies of the effects of Vilon and Epithalon on gene expression in mouse heart using DNA-microarray technology. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2002;133(4):391-394. [Springer] - Cited by 22
  11. Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK, Alimova IN, Baturin DA, Popovich IG, Zabezhinski MA, Anisimov SV, Rosenfeld SV, Zavarzina NY, Semenchenko AV, Yashin AI. Epithalon decelerates aging and suppresses development of breast adenocarcinomas in transgenic HER-2/neu mice. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2002;133(5):433-437. [Springer] - Cited by 8
  12. Anisimov VN, Khavinsov VK, Alimova IN, Baturin DA, Popovich IG, Zabezhinski MA, Rosenfeld SV, Zavarzina NY, Rudchenko SA, Kovalenko IG. Epithalon inhibits tumor growth and expression of HER-2/neu oncogene in breast tumors in transgenic mice characterized by accelerated aging. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2002;133(3):271-273. [Springer] - Cited by 5
  13. Khavinson VK, Egorova VV, Timofeeva NM, Malinin VV. Effect of Vilon and Epithalon on glucose and glycine absorption in various regions of small intestine in aged rats. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2002;133(4):388-391. [Springer] - Cited by 10
  14. Khavinson VK, Yuzhakov VV, Kvetnoi IM, Konovalov SS. Immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis of effects of vilon and epithalon on functional morphology of radiosensitive organs. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2001;131(6):568-574. [Springer] - Cited by 6
  15. Bulyk RY, Pishak VP, Lomakina YV. A characteristic of the effects of melatonin and epithalon on the state of c-fos gene in the neurosecretory nuclei of the hypothalamus in an experiment. Klinichna anatomiya ta operatyvna khirurhiya. 2011. [Journal] - Cited by 2
  16. Khavinson VK, Konovalov SS, Yuzhakov VV. Modulating effects of epithalamin and epithalon on the functional morphology of the spleen in old pinealectomized rats. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2001;131(5):473-479. [Springer] - Cited by 2
  17. Khavinson VK, Yakovleva ND. Reparative Effect of Epithalon on Pineal Gland Ultrastructure in γ-Irradiated Rats. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2001;132(6):1144-1146. [PDF] - Cited by 8
  18. Korenevsky AV, Milyutina YP, Bukalyov AV, Sevostyanova NN, Alymov YV. The protective effect of melatonin and epithalon on hypothalamic regulation of the reproductive function in female rats in a model of its premature aging and on the light-dark cycle shift. Advances in Gerontology. 2014;4(1):65-70. [Springer] - Cited by 4

Disclaimer:

ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. The products offered are for in-vitro laboratory research use only. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat, or cure any medical condition, ailment, or disease. Epithalon is NOT approved for human use. All research cited is from preclinical studies and limited human observational studies.

Additional Research: Search PubMed for Epithalon/Epitalon | Google Scholar for Epithalon Research | Springer - Epithalon Publications

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Not for human consumption, medical, or veterinary use.

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